What are solar panels?

Solar panels, also known as photovoltaic (PV) panels, are devices that convert sunlight into electricity. They are composed of many solar cells made from semiconductor materials, typically silicon. When sunlight hits these cells, it excites electrons, creating an electric current. This process, known as the photovoltaic effect, allows solar panels to generate renewable energy, which can be used to power homes, businesses, and various devices, reducing dependence on fossil fuels and contributing to environmental sustainability.

How do they work?

Solar panels work by converting sunlight into electricity. Here's a simplified explanation:

  1. Sunlight Hits the Panels: Solar panels are made up of many small units called solar cells. When sunlight shines on these cells, they absorb the light.

  2. Creating Electricity: The light energy knocks electrons loose in the solar cells, creating an electric current.

  3. Electricity Flow: This electric current flows through wires from the solar panel.

  4. Powering Devices: The electricity can be used immediately to power devices or stored in batteries for later use.

  5. Conversion to Usable Power: If needed, an inverter changes the electricity from direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC), which is the type of electricity used in homes and businesses.

How long do they last?

The lifespan of solar panels typically ranges from 25 to 30 years. However, this doesn't mean they stop producing electricity after this period; it simply means their efficiency gradually decreases. Most manufacturers guarantee that their panels will still produce around 80% of their original capacity after 25 years. With proper maintenance, solar panels can continue to function and generate electricity beyond their expected lifespan, though at reduced efficiency levels.

Mono vs Poly crystalline

Polycrystalline Solar Panels

Material and Appearance:

  • Made from silicon crystals melted together.

  • Usually blue in color.

  • Have a speckled look and square edges.

Efficiency:

  • Typically less efficient (13-17%) due to lower purity silicon.

  • Slightly less effective in low-light conditions.

Cost:

  • Generally less expensive due to simpler manufacturing processes.

Lifespan:

  • Have a slightly shorter lifespan, often around 25 years.

Space Efficiency:

  • Less space-efficient due to lower efficiency, requiring more area to produce the same amount of electricity.

Monocrystalline Solar Panels

Material and Appearance:

  • Made from a single continuous crystal structure.

  • Usually black in color.

  • Have a uniform appearance and rounded edges.

Efficiency:

  • Typically more efficient (15-22%) due to higher purity silicon.

  • Perform better in low-light conditions.

Cost:

  • Generally more expensive due to the more complex manufacturing process.

Lifespan:

  • Have a longer lifespan, often around 25-30 years or more.

Space Efficiency:

  • More space-efficient due to higher efficiency, requiring less area to produce the same amount of electricity.